Tattoos and Human Identification: Investigation into the Use of X‐Ray and Infrared Radiation in the Visualization of Tattoos

Any person with a tattoo known to their family or friends could potentially be identified from the presence of such personal identifying markers. Problems in identification utilizing tattoos may arise when these markers are removed or defaced in some way. This paper uses infrared wavelengths at 760, 850, and 950 nm to improve the visualization of laser‐removed or covered up tattoos and also to establish whether the ink pigments used can be observed on radiographs from any metal that may be present. The results obtained indicate that some older inks have a high enough metallic content to allow them to be viewed on a radiograph, while infrared light can demonstrate latent ink still present in the skin after laser removal and can also be utilized to distinguish an original tattoo through a secondary “cover‐up” tattoo. Infrared photography and radiography have been shown to improve tattoo visualization in a forensic context.     

X线骨龄评估方法研究进展与展望

骨龄评估的传统方法主要包括计数法、图谱法及计分法等,近年来又有一些学者不断提出其他新的方法。利用骨骼X线片影像学特征推断骨龄是当前法医学工作者进行骨龄评估的主要手段。但是,将此骨龄推断结论作为"证据"直接提供给司法审判机关,因其存在着一定的误差尚值得商榷。因此,为了提高骨龄鉴定结论的精确度,还需进行更多方法学的研究。经参阅国内、外大量相关文献,现就X线片骨龄评估方法的研究与进展进行综述。     

论村民自治中罢免程序的规范问题

《村委会组织法》规定了村民享有罢免权,但是该法对于村民行使罢免权的具程序规定较为粗疏和抽象,造成了村民在现实中行使罢免权时受到重重阻力。完善罢免程序宜降低罢免决议通过的门槛,简化罢免理由;构建罢免程序中的回避制度,确保程序公正;明确罢免程序的具体步骤和时间限制;建立健全对于阻挠罢免权行使的行为的惩罚机制,将对村民行使罢免权的保护落到实处。     

“套牌车”的防范打击研究

近年来,国内“套牌车”日益增多,引发了各种社会危害,不仅给道路交通安全带来了威胁,损害了国家和群众的利益,还滋生出系列社会问题和法律问题。“套牌车”大量涌现主要是因为法律法规不完善和打击难度较大。防范打击措施是：完善立法,加大打击力度;严格执法,加强管控;提高车主的自我保护意识。     

BURDEN OF PROOF BEGONE

This article examines the tendency of emergency child removal decisions—by social workers, police officers, and judges—to become self-reinforcing and self-perpetuating in subsequent child protective proceedings. This "snow-ball effect," as one court has referred to it, is widely acknowledged by lawyers who practice in juvenile court yet is largely unknown beyond those circles. The article explores the causes and consequences of this phenomenon in the age of ASFA (the 1997 federal Adoption and Safe Families Act), which converts every day that a child spends in foster care into one more tick of the clock in a countdown toward termination of parental rights. This article provides some background on the law and practice of emergency child removal in the United States today, analyzes the factors that make initial removals outcome determinative in many child protection cases, considers the implications of this phenomenon in light of ASFA, and identifies possible solutions.     

沉船沉物强制打捞清除的私法解读

海域和航道所有权既是公法上的所有权,也是民法上的所有权。沉船沉物强制打捞清除在私法原理上是物权法上排除妨害、妨害防止这种物权请求权的行使过程。海事行政主管机关基于对社会公共利益的保护,行使行政权责令责任人打捞清除沉船沉物。     

房屋拆迁中虚假离婚的法律规制——以传统观念与法治进程之冲突为视角

虚假离婚诉讼的愈演愈烈,损害了司法权威和司法公正。由于法律规则的模糊性和虚假离婚诉讼的隐蔽性,识别与防范房屋拆迁中的虚假离婚是困扰理论界和实务界的难点问题。规则之下的司法裁量是处理虚假离婚诉讼的基本思路。规范司法裁量的适用,可以给民众确定的预期与指引。     

海峡两岸残骸强制打捞的法律问题

海峡两岸具体规定的不同,致使两岸在对残骸打捞的规范上存在一定冲突。从海洋法原理出发,运用实证的方法,对残骸打捞的管辖权、责任主体、费用追偿等问题进行分析,提出在台湾海峡残骸打捞管辖权问题上,两岸可实行属人管辖或由最早接到求救请求并赶到救援地点的一方管辖;残骸打捞责任主体按照各自的法律规定确认。台湾地区的有关规定对残骸打捞责任主体确定的范围比大陆的窄,不利于台湾地区的残骸打捞清除,提出打捞费用的追偿可通过从拍卖所得中＂优先＂受偿、行政执行、提起海事请求或无因管理诉讼等途径向责任主体主张;打捞方既可持本地法院判决书申请对岸法院承认与执行,也可直接向对岸法院提起诉讼。     

新刑诉视野下公诉庭前准备工作研究

新刑诉的修改为公诉庭前准备工作增添了新的内容,检察机关面临着量刑建议、非法证据排除、庭前预备会议和证人、鉴定人、专家证人出庭的挑战,传统的公诉庭前准备工作不足以满足新刑诉法的要求。从我国的司法现状来看,重定罪、轻量刑的理念依然存在,非法取证现象虽然大为减少,但证据瑕疵现象较为普遍,庭前预备会议实施效果有待进一步显现,证人出庭难的现象依然存在。因此,公诉庭前准备工作必须做好重视量刑公诉准备,坚决排除非法证据,认真补正瑕疵证据,灵活应对庭前会议,积极建构证人出庭的配套机制等方面工作,以达到新刑诉法对公诉人出庭履职的要求。     

The dams of Northern Sudan and the policy of demographic engineering

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the deteriorating situation in Northern Sudan linked to policies of demographic engineering, embedded in plans for the further construction of dams along the Nile River in the North by the Government of Sudan. Although the generation of power and agricultural irrigation are the declared purpose of the dams, the fact is, these dams will, as past dam constructions have, cause a massive displacement of the Nubian, Manasir and Amri-Hamdab people far from their ancestral lands. With the collaboration of the Egyptian government the areas vacated will be repopulated with Egyptian peasants, as part of both governments’ plan to alter the demographics of North Sudan.